![]() ![]() While there is hydrogen bonding earlier in the process of correcting this lesion, we’re concerned with the process after the strand has been resynthesized. You want to be careful here to not pick hydrogen bond. The only answer choice here that matches our breakdown is going to be answer choice D: phosphodiester bond. Polymerase is used to resynthesize the strand (which we’re told has already occurred in the question stem), while the backbone is corrected by ligase and bonded together by phosphodiester bonds. In this case, we have a lesion that causes a break in the DNA strand, or that backbone we talked about. The sugar and phosphate make up the backbone of the nucleotides and are bonded together by phosphodiester bonds. The structure of DNA is called a double helix, which looks like a twisted staircase. Answer choice C is going to be our best answer.ģ) Before we answer this question, let’s do some quick background. Neurons are not going to divide, so this is factually incorrect. This is going to be our best answer at this point. These cells have to proliferate to replace cells. ![]() The pH levels are rough and there are different pathogens coming in and out. We can think about the environment in which GI epithelial cells have to work. We don’t expect proliferation here past the embryonic stage. Cardiac muscle cells are going to be similar to answer choice A. The cells will fluctuate in size, but not unusually in number. Adipocytes are essential in energy storage, but they are not highly proliferative. We’re going to decide which of our four answer choices are highly proliferative. Even though this is a passage-related question, we can almost treat it like a standalone question. Answer choice D is going to be our best answer here.Ģ) The test-maker references Figure 3 from the passage, but we should be able to answer this question just using our external knowledge. CRY1 is actually repressing the expression of this protein, which suggests we’re repressing transcription of the XPA-encoding gene. When we have increased CRY1 levels, we have decreased XPA levels. repressing transcription of the XPA-encoding gene.This is a better answer than answer choices A and B, however, replication has more to do with synthesis of DNA and not the protein expression we’re seeing. repressing replication of the XPA-encoding gene.We see a decrease in XPA levels as CRY1 levels increase. This is going to be similar to answer choice A. activating translation of XPA-encoding transcripts.When we have increased CRY1 levels, we actually see a decrease in XPA levels. This is the opposite of what we see in Figure 1. What this likely means is CRY1 represses the expression of the XPA-encoding gene. As CRY1 levels increase, we have a decrease in XPA levels. We can see the two are inversely related. We have Figure 1 above which shows relative levels of XPA and CRY1 proteins. Ideally you get to the point where you don’t have to flip back to the passage for every question, unless you’re looking for a specific detail or quantitative value. One thing I want you to note is the test-maker says “information in the passage suggests.” For a question like this, that doesn’t automatically mean go back to the passage. 1) To answer this question, we’ll go back to the passage and look at Figure 1 that shows us CRY1 and XPA levels. ![]()
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